চর্যাপদ ও দোহাকোষের অনুবাদ: মুহম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ্, পের ক্‌ভার্নে ও সাম্প্রতিক ঐতিহ্য Translation of Charyapada and Dohākosa: Muhammad Shahidullah, Per Kværne and Recent Traditions

Abstract

This Article explores the translation of Charyapada and Dohākosa by Muhammad Shahidullah and Per Kværne, focusing on linguistic and cultural significance. Dr. Makoto Kitada of Osaka University discusses the monumental contribution of Shahidullah's French book Les Chants Mystiques de Kanha et de Saraha (1928), which is a pivotal work for linguists studying New Indo-Aryan languages. Shahidullah's translation and analysis of Charyapada and Dohākosa, with a particular focus on the mystic poets Kāņha and Saraha, provide an insightful understanding of the development of Bengali and other regional languages.

The Article emphasizes the symbolic and esoteric language of Charyapada and Dohākosa, referred to as "sandhya-bhasha," a mystical expression that conveys tantric meanings through simple, everyday words. This tradition is still reflected in modern Bengali folk songs, especially among Bauls and Fakirs. Kitada examines how Shahidullah utilized Tibetan Buddhist texts for his research, drawing parallels with later scholars like Per Kværne, who followed similar methodologies.

In comparing Shahidullah and Kværne's translations, the author highlights the strengths and weaknesses of their interpretations, particularly in connecting Charyapada to Bengali proverbs and folk traditions. The study also presents new findings from Kitada's fieldwork in Nepal, revealing the continued performance of tantric Buddhist songs known as "Caryagiti” by Vajrayana priests in Kathmandu. The analysis of these practices contributes to a deeper understanding of the historical and cultural continuity of these esoteric traditions.